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Objective:To study the characteristics of macrophage lineage model polarized to adapt to the tumor micro-environment (TME) for further research on the plasticity of macrophages in TME.Methods:Bone marrow cells from transgenic Foxn1 nu.B6-CAG-EGFP/SU mice were induced by colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), IFN-γ+ LPS and IL-4 to differentiate into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the marker and polarization-related proteins of macrophages. Moreover, the macrophages were co-cultured with human glioma stem cell SU3 for further analysis. Results:The bone marrow-derived M0, M1 and M2 macrophages all showed strong green fluorescence under inverted fluorescence microscope. The inherent plasticity of the macrophages could be observed under ordinary microscope with Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunocytochemical staining showed that CD11C and CD206 markers were observed on M0, M1 and M2 macrophages, while CD68 was only expressed on M1 macrophages. Moreover, the staining was strongly positive for CSF-1 and CSF-1R on M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. Green fluorescent cell infiltration and phagocytic reaction were observed in the co-cultured stem cell spheres.Conclusions:The bone marrow-derived macrophage lineage including M0, M1 and M2 subtypes with the inherent plasticity was successfully prepared using transgenic nude mice expressing GFP. The three subtypes expressed the common marker and polarization-related proteins, and had the phagocytic activity, suggesting that they could be used to study the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages, especially in tracer studies.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the differences in the clinical therapeutic effects on xerophthalmia of and deficiency between the needling technique (the combined reinforcing technique to induce warm sensation) and the reinforcing needing technique achieved by rotating needle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 54 patients of xerophthalmia were randomized into an observation group (28 cases) and a control group (26 cases). In both of the groups, the main acupoints included Cuanzu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Fengchi (GB 20); the combined acupoints were Danzhong (CV 17), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3). In the observation group, the needling technique was used and in the control group, the reinforcing needing technique achieved by rotating needle was adopted. The treatment was given once every day. 10 treatments made one course and 2 courses were required. Before and after treatment, the score of eye symptoms, tear secretion and the breakup time of tear film were observed in the two groups. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups after treatment and in 4-week follow-up after treatment separately.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the total effective rate was 92.9% (26/28) in the observation group and was 80.8% (21/26) in the control group, without significant difference in comparison (>0.05). In 4-week follow-up after treatment, the total effective rate was 85.7% (24/28) in the observation group and was 61.5% (16/26) in the control group, indicating the significant difference in comparison (<0.05). After treatment, the differences were significant in the score of eye symptoms, tear secretion and the breakup time of tear film as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01). After treatment, the improvements of the score of eye symptoms, tear secretion and the breakup time of tear film in the observation group were better remarkably than those in the control group, indicating the significant differences (all <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The needling technique achieves the significant therapeutic effects on xerophthalmia of and deficiency and the recurrence rate of the disease is low.</p>
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Objective To investigate the related factors of intracranial infection and intracranial hemorrhage from invasive intracranial pressure monitoring so as to provide a reference for reducing the incidence rate of complications from invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.Methods The clinical data of 349 patients dealt with invasive intracranial pressure monitoring and admitted from October 2009 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed by case series study.The possible factors leading to intracranial infection included gender,age,disease classification,type of intracranial pressure probe,implantation method of the intracranial pressure probe,intracranial pressure probe retention time,implementation of craniotomy or not,surgery time,and combination with skull base fracture or not.The possible factors related to complicated intracranial hemorrhage included gender,age,hypertension,international standardized ratio (INR) before intracranial pressure probe implantation,platelet count,serum fibrinogen level,type of intracranial pressure probe,implantation method of the intracranial pressure probe,and the combination with brain contusion or bleeding around intracranial pressure probe implantation site or not.The related factors and independent risk factors of intracranial infection and intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The univariate analysis showed disease classification (ruptured intracranial aneurysms vs other diseases (P ＜ 0.05),intracranial pressure probe implantation method (P ＜ 0.05),retention time of intracranial pressure probe (P ＜ 0.05),and combination of basal skull fracture (P ＜ 0.05) were the related factors of intracranial infection.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the disease classification (P ＜ 0.05) and implantation method of intracranial pressure probe (P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors for intracranial infection.In addition,probe type (P ＜ 0.05) and implantation method of intracranial pressure probe P ＜0.05) were independent risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage.Conclusions Ruptured intracranial aneurysms and implantation method for intracranial pressure probe (craniotomy or skull drilling) are independent risk factors for intracranial infection from invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.Type of probe (ventricular intracranial pressure probe) and implantation method for intracranial pressure probe (skull cone) are independent risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage from invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.In clinical practice,the indications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring should be strictly supervised and the relevant risk factors should be prevented to reduce the complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effect of Erlong Xizhu acupuncture for retinitis pigmentosa. Methods Sixty patients with retinitis pigmentosa were randomly divided into an Erlong Xizhu acupuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group, 30 cases in each one. In the conventional acupuncture group, Tongziliao (GB 1), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) were acupunctured as the main acupoints by uniform reinforcing-reducing manipulation; acupoints based on syndrome differentiation were coordinated by acupuncture manipulation of reinforcing deficiency and reducing excess. The treatment in the Erlong Xizhu acupuncture group was the same as that in the conventional group, except acupuncture manipulation at the main acupoints replaced by Erlong Xizhu acupuncture. In the two groups, treatment was given once a day, 10 days as one session and there were 2 days at the interval between sessions. The change of the vision and visual field and the efficacy were observed after 3 sessions in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate on enhancing the vision of patients in the Erlong Xizhu acupuncture group was 93. 10% (54/58), which was superior to 81. 36% (48/59) in the conventional acupuncture group (P<0. 01). And the effective rate on improving the visual field was 91. 38% (53/58) in the Erlong Xizhu acupuncture group, which was better than 83. 05% (49/59) in the conventional acupuncture group (P<0. 01). On the comprehensive effect, the effective rate was 90. 00% (27/30) in the Erlong Xizhu acupuncture group, which was better than 63. 34% (19/30) in the conventional acupuncture group (P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical effect of Erlong Xizhu acupuncture is superior to that of conventional acupuncture for retinitis pigmentosa and it is worthy of promoting.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , Retinitis Pigmentosa , Therapeutics , Treatment Outcome , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a central important role during embryo development of vertebrate,which participates in regulation of multiple basic life processes including cell proliferation,differentiation and tissue patterning.In normal adult physiology,the pathway is implicated in stem cell maintenance,tissue repair and regeneration.By now,more and more researches have been indicated that the Hh signaling pathway is related to the tumor growth promoting and survival capabilities.
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The biological activities i. e. antineoplastic activities and antiviral activity of the two novel kinds of interferons: hIFN-λ1 and hIFN-ε were studied and compared. First the fusion expression vector: pcDNA3.1A-hIFN-λ1-His and pcDNA3.1A-hIFN-ε-His by PCR was constructed, then the two kinds of plasmids were transfected into WI-38 (human embryonic lung cells ) with liposome. And cytopathic effect (CPE) suppression test was used to study and compare the antiviral activities of rhIFNλ1-His and rhIFN-ε-His, meanwhile MTT assay was used to detect their antineoplastic activities. It was found that, antiproliferative activity and MxA protein induction shown by rhIFN-λ1-His is more powerful than of rhIFN-ε -His. The antiviral molecular mechanisms of both hIFN-λ1 and hIFN-ε are related to MxA. The foundation for further study on the bioactivities and mechanism of action of hIFN-λ1 and hIFN-ε was established.